铜对鹅观草两个种群生理、发育指标的影响研究

铜尾矿上的鹅观草形态矮小,茎秆柔弱,叶色淡.而生于正常土壤上的鹅观草则茎秆粗状,叶色深.Cu胁迫可引起鹅观草叶绿素含量的降低.一定浓度范围内的Cu对鹅观草的种子萌发起促进作用,尾矿浸提液不降低种子的萌发率,但延迟种子的萌发.根生长实验表明,0.125mg     

鹅观草属五个类群的核型与进化

报道了鹅观草属５个类群的核型,即长芒鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２２ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）;短颖鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）;短柄鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ;纤毛鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２０ｍ＋８ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）;毛盘鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝１８ｍ＋６ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｔ。同时,通过核型重要性状的递变分析,揭示了鹅观草属５个类群的相对进化程度以及宏观分类中４个组的系统发育关系,表明鹅观草属的半颖组在系统发育中可能既派生了颖体短小的小颖组,又派生了颖体长大的大颖组和长颖组。     

鹅观草与大麦属间杂种的形态和细胞遗传学研究

用活体/离体幼胚培养法成功地获得了鹅观草(Roegneria kamooji,2n=12,SSHHYY)与大麦(Hordeum vulgare,2n=14,11)间的属间杂种。杂交结实率为31.4％,胚培成苗率60.9％。杂种表现一年生,具有很强的生活力,形态上偏向鹅观草。F_1自交不孕,用大麦回交亦不结实。杂种具有预期的2n=28(SHYI)条染色体,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均形成26.38个单价体,0.67个棒状二价体,0.12个环状二价体和0.02个三价体。本文对双亲染色体组间的同源性以及在大麦育种中利用鹅观草种质的可能性进行了讨论。     

鹅观草属一些种种子胚乳细胞的特征及其分类学意义的探讨

解剖观察了鹅观草属１８个种的胚乳细胞,发现这此细胞在鹅观草属各类群间的发育是不同步的,其中胚乳细胞的大小、形状、数量以及反映丰厚程度的长宽比不仅具有类群鉴分的价值,而且还可作为推证类群演化关系的旁证。分析结果表明,胚乳细胞体积的增大。数量的增多、细胞的变圆、长宽幽会的减少皆与类群的进化趋势相顺应。据此,进一步阐述了鹅观草属组、系、种的系统发育关系。     

染色体倍数与杂种优势之关系初探

杂种优势是植物界的一个普遍现象,也是提高栽培作物产量的一个十分重要的途径。目前,除少数栽培作物外,大部分作物都已成功地利用了杂种优势。杂种优势的利用基本上集中在二倍体,在生产上大面积利用的以收获种子为目的的多倍体并不多,如小麦（异源六倍体）、大豆（异源四倍体）、花生（异源四倍体）等。其原因除制种较困难外,关键是杂种优势多不及二倍体,但到目前为止,尚未有一个完整的理论对此进行系统解释,本文将就这一问题进行讨论,以供同行参考。１　内源优势与外源优势笔者认为,多倍体作物杂种优势不强与其染色体组成有关。…     

向普通小麦导入纤毛鹅观草抗黄矮病基因的研究──Ⅰ.F_1和BC_1的产生及其细胞遗传学

为了将纤毛鹅观草Z1010对黄矮病毒株系PAV和RPV的抗性基因转入普通小麦,通过幼胚拯救,获得了纤毛鹅观草Z1010×普通小麦品种莱州953的杂种F1,以及用5个普通小麦品种（系）回交的BC1衍生系。对杂种F1及BC1植株的细胞学分析表明,纤毛鹅观草Z1010不仅对Ph基因具有很强的抑制作用,而且能使杂种F1形成未减数配子,对细胞遗传学资料的进一步分析认为,通过部分同源染色体间的交换将纤毛鹅观草Z1010的抗黄矮病基因转入小麦是可能的。     

Studies on Karyotypes of Two Species in Kengyilia and Three Species in Roegneria

The karyotypes of 3 species of Roegneria and 2 species of Kengyilia were analysed in this paper. They are all reported for the first time, and the karyotype formulae are as follows: R. nutans, 2n = 4X= 28 = 26m+ 2sm; R. abolinii, 2n = 4X =28 = 24m + 4sm; R. aristiglumis, 2n = 6X = 42 = 32m + 10sm (2sat); K. tahelacana 2n = 6X = 42 = 36m (2sat)+6sm (2sat); K. zhoasuensis, 2n = 6X= 42 = 34m(4sat)+ 8sm. According to the characters of karyotypes, K. tahelacana and K. zhoasuensis havethe S, Y, P genomes of genus Kengyilia.     

RAPD Study on Inter species Relationships in Roegneria (Poaceae: Triticeae)

To assess the relationships among 26 species in Roegneria C. Koch, 34 random decamer primers were screened for RAPD fragments. 28 primers produced polymorphic RAPD products. Data from 16 primers were used for RAPD assay. By NTSYS-pc program, Jaccard' s genetic similarity coefficients were generated and dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA. It is concluded as follows: (1) Distinct genetic differences and extensive genetic diversity were present among the species. (2) There were some genetic differences between StY and StYH genomes, and StY and StYH had a certain degree of differentiations respectively which were related to geographic regions, the farther the geographic distribution between species, the less the similarity to each other. (3) When different accessions in a species, such as species with similar morphological characters, homologous genomes and similar geographic distribution, were clustered together respectively, it suggusted that they had closer relationships. (4) The awnless species R. alashanica Keng and R. magnicaespes (D. F. Cui) L. B. Cai, in Roegneria, were separated from the other species analysed in this study, indicating that these two species had intensive genetic differences from the others. (5) R. caucasica C. Koch, a species from Western Asia, was quite different from the other species contained StY genomes in Roegneria from Eastern Asia and Central Asia. (6) The results were in consistance with that of the analysis of morphology and chromosome pairing in the taxonomic treatments for R. ciliaris (Trin) Nevski and R. japonensis (Honda) Keng, R. tenuispica J. L. Yang et Y. H. Zhou and R. pendulina Nevski, and R. tsukushiensis (Honda) Ohwi and R. kamoji Ohwi. The present study discussed the usefulness of RAPD markers in the systematic study of Roegneria.     

Morphology,fertility and cytogenetics of intergeneric hybrid between Roegneria kamoji Ohwi and Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy (Poaceae: Triticeae)

The intergeneric hybrids between Roegneria kamoji Ohwi and Dasypyrum villosum (L.)Candargy were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture in vitro. Studies on morphology, fertility and chromosome pairing behavior in meiosis of the parents and their hybrid F_l were carried out in the present work. The results showed that: (1) there were ob vious morphological differences between R. kamoji and D. villosum, and spikes of F_l plants were morphologically intermediate between the two parental species; (2) the seed set of the cross was 11.63%; the hybrid plant was infertile, which indicated that strong repro ductive isolation existed between the parents and R. kamoji and D. villosum were inde pendent biological species; (3) The somatic chromosome number in root-tips of F_l hybrids was 28. Chromosome pairing at MI of PMCs in F_l hybrids was quite low. The meiotic con figuration was 26.72 Ⅰ + 0.62 Ⅱ + 0.02 Ⅲ, which indicated that very low homoeology was detected between the St, H, Y genomes of R. kamoji and the V genome of D. villo- sum, and the relationship between the parental species was remote.     

中国弯孢属分类研究Ⅰ.生于禾本科植物上的一个新种和一个中国新记录种

报道生于禾本科Gramineae植物上的弯孢属真菌一个新种,薏苡生弯孢Curvularia coicicola,和一个中国新记录种,黄茅弯孢 Curvularia heteropogonis Alcorn。新种S形、淡色的分生孢子是区别于其它弯孢种的显著特征。研究标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)。